Abstract
The energy sector, specifically electricity energy vector, is undergoing a transformation driven by decarbonisation, decentralisation, and digitalisation. Meeting climate and energy security goals, such as Europe’s net zero targets, requires integrating large volumes of variable renewable generation and managing supply and demand in complex, data-rich power systems. Advanced digital technologies, particularly artificial intelligence (AI), are key enablers. AI can process high-volume data (for example, weather, smart meters, grid sensors) to generate insights and control signals beyond traditional tools. Utilities can use AI for real-time forecasting and balancing of electricity supply and demand, reducing costs, emissions, and improving grid efficiency and reliability. On the user side, AI enhances energy efficiency and flexibility, empowering consumers and lowering system peaks.