Abstract
This paper highlights that biodiversity loss and climate change are inextricable challenges that need to be addressed more synergistically. It also looks at synergies between biodiversity and climate change regimes which are considered justifiable and even required by the CBD and the UNFCCC. However, the CBD COP has adopted more detailed safeguards to allow parties to consider climate change impacts on biodiversity and minimise them more than the UNFCCC COP has done so far. Finally, the paper recommends that: - COP28 should represent a decisive turning point to establish clearer guidelines to ensure that biodiversity protection is fully integrated in climate action. Impacts of climate change on biodiversity loss, and especially on some of the key ecosystems, should be carefully assessed and monitored by UNFCCC parties. The role of conservation in climate change mitigation and adaptation should be reinforced. - Structure and financial resources must be improved to ensure urgent implementation, for instance through a clearer mandate and increased funding for the Joint Liaison Group (JLG) and more sustained financial assistance to allow developing countries to mainstream biodiversity in climate change policies.