Abstract
The sustainability transition is highly dependent on the energy sector. However, literature investigating sustainability practices and performance outcomes in energy production supply chains (SCs) is scarce. We argue that external factors may lead to multiple institutional patterns along the SC, which may lead to different sustainability practices and performance outcomes. Based on institutional theory, a conceptual framework for energy production SCs is proposed. It revises a theoretical framework about sustainability categories and supply chain management practices, by adding a path of influence of external factors i.e., energy source, supply chain position, geographic location, and firm size.