Abstract
Human-driven climate change is much faster than the pace of adaptation of tree species. As a result, drastic changes are expected in forests in the coming decades, not only due to warming but also to increasing natural disturbances associated with it. Many studies have focused strictly on the effect of changing climate, but sudden changes often happen because of natural disturbances and land use impacts. With the support of the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA) programme and under the supervision of Erich Tasser of Eurac Research, the REINFORCE project used spatially explicit forest models to integrate all these factors.