Abstract
We present relevant data about the taxonomy and distribution of 20 species of the genus Carex in the Neotropics from the Caribbean region to Patagonia. We provide a total of 19 new records, two of them for species not previously recorded from South America, ten species newly reported from different countries, and seven species here reported as new regional records in Argentina, Bolivia, and Chile. We lectotypify nine species names (C. brehmeri, C. catharinensis, C. ecuadorica, C. firmicaulis, C. fuscula, C. mandoniana, C. phleoides, C. polysticha, and C. subantarctica) and epitypify one of these names (C. fuscula). Finally, we propose Carex koyamae as a new synonym of Carex phleoides.