Abstract
The global shift towards sustainable energy systems and decarbonization presents a complex set of challenges that require technological innovation, policy integration, and regional adaptation. This editorial synthesizes the contributions from four papers in this special issue of e-Prime - Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy, each providing unique insights into key aspects of the energy transition. The first paper assesses the economic feasibility of floating offshore wind energy projects in the European Atlantic and Mediterranean, emphasizing regional cost differences and resource availability. The second paper examines the dynamics of renewable energy investments in Croatia, highlighting the critical role of policy support, technology costs, and energy flexibility in driving the transition. The third paper utilizes a simulation-based optimization approach to explore global decarbonization pathways, employing Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) to analyze policy trade-offs and long-term impacts. Finally, the fourth paper focuses on the energy transition challenges of Mediterranean islands, exploring their dependency on imported fossil fuels and the role of local governance in promoting renewable energy solutions. Together, these studies underscore the need for an integrated, multi-faceted approach that combines policy, technology, and localized strategies to accelerate the transition towards a sustainable and resilient global energy future. Hence, this editorial discusses that while technological advancements are critical, only a combined strategy involving regulation, technology, and societal engagement will ensure the global success of the energy transition.