Abstract
The article examines the evolution of multilevel governance of hydrogeological risk in Italy, exploring both historical issues and emerging trends arising from recent reforms. It traces the key regulatory milestones, with particular focus on the role of different institutions - State, Regions, River Basin Authorities, and local autonomies - their modes of coordination, conflicts, and inefficiencies that hinder risk prevention and mitigation. The analysis concludes with a reflection on current challenges, including the implementation of the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (PNRR) and the need for more integrated institutional framework to address the impacts of climate change on the territory.