Global maps of soil temperature

JJ Lembrechts; J van den Hoogen; J Aalto; MB Ashcroft; P De Frenne; J Kemppinen; M Kopecky; M Luoto; IMD Maclean; TW Crowther; JJ Bailey; S Haesen; DH Klinges; P Niittynen; BR Scheffers; K Van Meerbeek; P Aartsma; O Abdalaze; M Abedi; R Aerts; N Ahmadian; A Ahrends; JM Alatalo; JM Alexander; CN Allonsius; J Altman; C Ammann; C Andres; C Andrews; J Ardo; N Arriga; A Arzac; V Aschero; RL Assis; JJ Assmann; MY Bader; K Bahalkeh; P Barancok; IC Barrio; A Barros; M Barthel; EW Basham; M Bauters; M Bazzichetto; LB Marchesini; MC Bell; JC Benavides; JLB Alonso; BJ Berauer; JW Bjerke; RG Bjork; MP Bjorkman; K Bjornsdottir; B Blonder; P Boeckx; J Boike; S Bokhorst; BNS Brum; J Bruna; N Buchmann; P Buysse; JL Camargo; OC Campoe; O Candan; R Canessa; N Cannone; M Carbognani; J Carnicer; A Casanova-Katny; S Cesarz; B Chojnicki; P Choler; SL Chown; EF Cifuentes; M Ciliak; T Contador; P Convey; EJ Cooper; E Cremonese; SR Curasi; R Curtis; M Cutini; CJ Dahlberg; GN Daskalova; MA de Pablo; S Della Chiesa; J Dengler; B Deronde; P Descombes; V Di Cecco; M Di Musciano; J Dick; RD Dimarco; J Dolezal; E Dorrepaal; J Dusek; N Eisenhauer; L Eklundh; TE Erickson; B Erschbamer; W Eugster; RM Ewers; DA Exton; N Fanin; F Fazlioglu; I Feigenwinter; G Fenu; O Ferlian; MRF Calzado; E Fernandez-Pascual; M Finckh; RF Higgens; TGW Forte; EC Freeman; ER Frei; E Fuentes-Lillo; RA Garcia; MB Garcia; C Geron; M Gharun; D Ghosn; K Gigauri; A Gobin; I Goded; M Goeckede; F Gottschall; K Goulding; S Govaert; BJ Graae; S Greenwood; C Greiser; A Grelle; B Guenard; M Guglielmin; J Guillemot; P Haase; S Haider; AH Halbritter; M Hamid; A Hammerle; A Hampe; SV Haugum; L Hederova; B Heinesch; C Helfter; D Hepenstrick; M Herberich; M Herbst; L Hermanutz; DS Hik; R Hoffren; J Homeier; L Hortnagl; TT Hoye; F Hrbacek; K Hylander; H Iwata; MA Jackowicz-Korczynski; H Jactel; J Jarveoja; S Jastrzebowski; A Jentsch; JJ Jimenez; IS Jonsdottir; T Jucker; AS Jump; R Juszczak; R Kanka; V Kaspar; G Kazakis; J Kelly; AA Khuroo; L Klemedtsson; M Klisz; N Kljun; A Knohl; J Kobler; J Kollar; MM Kotowska; B Kovacs; J Kreyling; A Lamprecht; SI Lang; C Larson; K Larson; K Laska; GI Maire; RI Leihy; L Lens; B Liljebladh; A Lohila; J Lorite; B Loubet; J Lynn; M Macek; R Mackenzie; E Magliulo; R Maier; F Malfasi; F Malis; M Man; G Manca; A Manco; T Manise; P Manolaki; F Marciniak; R Matula; AC Mazzolari; S Medinets; V Medinets; C Meeussen; S Merinero; RDG Mesquita; K Meusburger; FJR Meysman; ST Michaletz; A Milbau; D Moiseev; P Moiseev; A Mondoni; R Monfries; Leonardo Montagnani; al.] [et

doi:10.1111/gcb.16060

Back

Journal article

Open access

Peer reviewed

Global maps of soil temperature

JJ Lembrechts, J van den Hoogen, J Aalto, MB Ashcroft, P De Frenne, J Kemppinen, M Kopecky, M Luoto, IMD Maclean, TW Crowther, …

Global Change Biology, Vol.28(9), pp.3110-3144

11/02/2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16060

Handle:

https://hdl.handle.net/10863/36021

Abstract

soil temperature

temperature offset

weather stations

near-surface temperatures

microclimate

bioclimatic variables

global maps

soil-dwelling organisms

Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km(2) resolution for 0-5 and 5-15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km(2) pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10 degrees C (mean = 3.0 +/- 2.1 degrees C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 +/- 2.3 degrees C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (-0.7 +/- 2.3 degrees C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications.

Files and links (2)

pdf

GlobalChangeBiology-2022-Lembrechts6.76 MBDownload View

Open Access

url

https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16060View

Details

Title: Global maps of soil temperature
Creators: JJ Lembrechts - University of Antwerp
J van den Hoogen - ETH Zurich
J Aalto - Finnish Meteorological Institute
MB Ashcroft - University of Wollongong
P De Frenne - Ghent University
J Kemppinen - University of Oulu
M Kopecky - Czech University of Life Sciences Prague
M Luoto - University of Helsinki
IMD Maclean
TW Crowther - ETH Zurich
JJ Bailey - York St John University
S Haesen - KU Leuven
DH Klinges - University of Florida
P Niittynen - University of Helsinki
BR Scheffers - University of Florida
K Van Meerbeek - KU Leuven
P Aartsma - University of South-Eastern Norway
O Abdalaze - Ilia State University
M Abedi - Tarbiat Modares University
R Aerts - Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
N Ahmadian - Tarbiat Modares University
A Ahrends - Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh
JM Alatalo - Qatar University
JM Alexander - ETH Zurich
CN Allonsius - University of Antwerp
J Altman - Czech University of Life Sciences Prague
C Ammann - Agroscope
C Andres - ETH Zurich
C Andrews - UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology
J Ardo - Lund University
N Arriga - Joint Research Centre
A Arzac - Siberian Federal University
V Aschero - National University of Cuyo
RL Assis
JJ Assmann - Aarhus University
MY Bader - Philipps University of Marburg
K Bahalkeh - Tarbiat Modares University
P Barancok - Slovak Academy of Sciences
IC Barrio - Agricultural University of Iceland
A Barros - Centro Científico Tecnológico - Mendoza
M Barthel - ETH Zurich
EW Basham - University of Florida
M Bauters - Ghent University
M Bazzichetto - Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, Evolution
LB Marchesini - Fondazione Edmund Mach
MC Bell - Forest Research
JC Benavides - Pontificia Universidad Javeriana
JLB Alonso
BJ Berauer - University of Hohenheim
JW Bjerke - Norwegian Institute for Air Research
RG Bjork - University of Gothenburg
MP Bjorkman - University of Gothenburg
K Bjornsdottir - University of Gothenburg
B Blonder - University of California, Berkeley
P Boeckx - Ghent University
J Boike - Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung
S Bokhorst - Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
BNS Brum
J Bruna
N Buchmann - ETH Zurich
P Buysse - AgroParisTech
JL Camargo - National Institute of Amazonian Research
OC Campoe - Universidade Federal de Lavras
O Candan - Ordu University
R Canessa - Philipps University of Marburg
N Cannone - University of Insubria
M Carbognani - University of Parma
J Carnicer - Institut de Biologia Evolutiva
A Casanova-Katny - Temuco Catholic University
S Cesarz - German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research
B Chojnicki - University of Life Sciences in Poznań
P Choler - Université Savoie Mont Blanc
SL Chown - Monash University
EF Cifuentes - University of Cambridge
M Ciliak - Technical University of Zvolen
T Contador - Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology
P Convey - British Antarctic Survey
EJ Cooper - UiT The Arctic University of Norway
E Cremonese - Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione Ambientale
SR Curasi - University of Notre Dame
R Curtis - University of Exeter
M Cutini - Roma Tre University
CJ Dahlberg - Bolin Centre for Climate Research
GN Daskalova - University of Edinburgh
MA de Pablo - Universidad de Alcalá
S Della Chiesa - TU Dresden
J Dengler - German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research
B Deronde
P Descombes - Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research
V Di Cecco
M Di Musciano - University of L'Aquila
J Dick - UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology
RD Dimarco - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
J Dolezal - Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany
E Dorrepaal - Abisko Scientific Research Station
J Dusek - Czech Academy of Sciences, Global Change Research Institute
N Eisenhauer - German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research
L Eklundh - Lund University
TE Erickson - University of Western Australia
B Erschbamer - Universität Innsbruck
W Eugster - ETH Zurich
RM Ewers - Imperial College London
DA Exton - Operation Wallacea
N Fanin - École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine
F Fazlioglu - Ordu University
I Feigenwinter - ETH Zurich
G Fenu - University of Cagliari
O Ferlian - German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research
MRF Calzado
E Fernandez-Pascual
M Finckh - Universität Hamburg
RF Higgens
TGW Forte
EC Freeman - University of Cambridge
ER Frei - Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos
E Fuentes-Lillo - University of Antwerp
RA Garcia - University of Concepción
MB Garcia
C Geron - University of Antwerp
M Gharun - ETH Zurich
D Ghosn - Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania
K Gigauri - Georgian Institute of Public Affairs
A Gobin - Flemish Institute for Technological Research
I Goded - Joint Research Centre
M Goeckede - Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry
F Gottschall - German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research
K Goulding
S Govaert - Ghent University
BJ Graae - Norwegian University of Science and Technology
S Greenwood - University of Edinburgh
C Greiser - Bolin Centre for Climate Research
A Grelle - Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
B Guenard - University of Hong Kong
M Guglielmin - University of Insubria
J Guillemot - Functional Ecology and Biogeochemistry of Soils and Agrosystems
P Haase - Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt/M
S Haider - German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research
AH Halbritter - Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research
M Hamid - University of Kashmir
A Hammerle - Universität Innsbruck
A Hampe - UMR BIOdiversity, GEnes & Communities
SV Haugum - Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research
L Hederova - Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany
B Heinesch - Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech
C Helfter - UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology
D Hepenstrick - ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences
M Herberich - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna
M Herbst - German Meteorological Service
L Hermanutz - Memorial University of Newfoundland
DS Hik - Simon Fraser University
R Hoffren - Universidad de Zaragoza
J Homeier - University of Applied Sciences and Arts University of Applied Sciences and Arts Hildesheim/Holzminden/Göttingen
L Hortnagl - ETH Zurich
TT Hoye
F Hrbacek - Masaryk University
K Hylander - Bolin Centre for Climate Research
H Iwata - Shinshu University
MA Jackowicz-Korczynski - Lund University
H Jactel - UMR BIOdiversity, GEnes & Communities
J Jarveoja - Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
S Jastrzebowski - Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
A Jentsch - University of Bayreuth
JJ Jimenez - Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología
IS Jonsdottir - University of Iceland
T Jucker - University of Bristol
AS Jump - University of Stirling
R Juszczak - University of Life Sciences in Poznań
R Kanka - Institute of Landscape Ecology
V Kaspar - Czech University of Life Sciences Prague
G Kazakis - Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania
J Kelly - Lund University
AA Khuroo - University of Kashmir
L Klemedtsson - University of Gothenburg
M Klisz - Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa
N Kljun - Lund University
A Knohl - University of Göttingen
J Kobler - Environment Agency Austria
J Kollar - Institute of Landscape Ecology
MM Kotowska - University of Göttingen
B Kovacs - Institute of Ecology and Botany
J Kreyling - University of Greifswald
A Lamprecht - Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research
SI Lang
C Larson - Montana State University
K Larson - Abisko Scientific Research Station
K Laska - Masaryk University
GI Maire
RI Leihy - Monash University
L Lens - Ghent University
B Liljebladh - University of Gothenburg
A Lohila - Finnish Meteorological Institute
J Lorite - Universidad de Granada
B Loubet - AgroParisTech
J Lynn - Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research
M Macek - Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany
R Mackenzie - Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology
E Magliulo - Istituto per il Sistema Produzione Animale in Ambiente Mediterraneo
R Maier - ETH Zurich
F Malfasi - University of Insubria
F Malis - Technical University of Zvolen
M Man - Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany
G Manca - Joint Research Centre
A Manco - Istituto per il Sistema Produzione Animale in Ambiente Mediterraneo
T Manise - Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech
P Manolaki - Open University of Cyprus
F Marciniak - National Institute of Amazonian Research
R Matula - Czech University of Life Sciences Prague
AC Mazzolari - Centro Científico Tecnológico - Mendoza
S Medinets - Aarhus University
V Medinets
C Meeussen - Ghent University
S Merinero - Bolin Centre for Climate Research
RDG Mesquita
K Meusburger - Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research
FJR Meysman
ST Michaletz - University of British Columbia
A Milbau - Province of Antwerp
D Moiseev - Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology
P Moiseev - Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology
A Mondoni - University of Pavia
R Monfries - Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh
Leonardo Montagnani - Free University of Bozen-Bolzano
al.] [et
Publication Details: Global Change Biology, Vol.28(9), pp.3110-3144
ISSN: 1354-1013
EISSN: 1365-2486
Series / Volume: 28
Publisher: WILEY
Number of pages: 35
Identifiers: (UNIBZ)67638770
991006598498701241
Web of Science ID: 000753944300001
Scopus ID: n.a.
Academic Unit: Faculty of Science and Technology
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article
Author Names String: Lembrechts JJ, van den Hoogen J, Aalto J, Ashcroft MB, De Frenne P, Kemppinen J, Kopecky M, Luoto M, Maclean IMD, Crowther TW, Bailey JJ, Haesen S, Klinges DH, Niittynen P, Scheffers BR, Van Meerbeek K, Aartsma P, Abdalaze O, Abedi M, Aerts R, Ahmadian N, Ahrends A, Alatalo JM, Alexander JM, Allonsius CN, Altman J, Ammann C, Andres C, Andrews C, Ardo J, Arriga N, Arzac A, Aschero V, Assis RL, Assmann JJ, Bader MY, Bahalkeh K, Barancok P, Barrio IC, Barros A, Barthel M, Basham EW, Bauters M, Bazzichetto M, Marchesini LB, Bell MC, Benavides JC, Alonso JLB, Berauer BJ, Bjerke JW, Bjork RG, Bjorkman MP, Bjornsdottir K, Blonder B, Boeckx P, Boike J, Bokhorst S, Brum BNS, Bruna J, Buchmann N, Buysse P, Camargo JL, Campoe OC, Candan O, Canessa R, Cannone N, Carbognani M, Carnicer J, Casanova-Katny A, Cesarz S, Chojnicki B, Choler P, Chown SL, Cifuentes EF, Ciliak M, Contador T, Convey P, Cooper EJ, Cremonese E, Curasi SR, Curtis R, Cutini M, Dahlberg CJ, Daskalova GN, de Pablo MA, Della Chiesa S, Dengler J, Deronde B, Descombes P, Di Cecco V, Di Musciano M, Dick J, Dimarco RD, Dolezal J, Dorrepaal E, Dusek J, Eisenhauer N, Eklundh L, Erickson TE, Erschbamer B, Eugster W, Ewers RM, Exton DA, Fanin N, Fazlioglu F, Feigenwinter I, Fenu G, Ferlian O, Calzado MRF, Fernandez-Pascual E, Finckh M, Higgens RF, Forte TGW, Freeman EC, Frei ER, Fuentes-Lillo E, Garcia RA, Garcia MB, Geron C, Gharun M, Ghosn D, Gigauri K, Gobin A, Goded I, Goeckede M, Gottschall F, Goulding K, Govaert S, Graae BJ, Greenwood S, Greiser C, Grelle A, Guenard B, Guglielmin M, Guillemot J, Haase P, Haider S, Halbritter AH, Hamid M, Hammerle A, Hampe A, Haugum SV, Hederova L, Heinesch B, Helfter C, Hepenstrick D, Herberich M, Herbst M, Hermanutz L, Hik DS, Hoffren R, Homeier J, Hortnagl L, Hoye TT, Hrbacek F, Hylander K, Iwata H, Jackowicz-Korczynski MA, Jactel H, Jarveoja J, Jastrzebowski S, Jentsch A, Jimenez JJ, Jonsdottir IS, Jucker T, Jump AS, Juszczak R, Kanka R, Kaspar V, Kazakis G, Kelly J, Khuroo AA, Klemedtsson L, Klisz M, Kljun N, Knohl A, Kobler J, Kollar J, Kotowska MM, Kovacs B, Kreyling J, Lamprecht A, Lang SI, Larson C, Larson K, Laska K, Maire GI, Leihy RI, Lens L, Liljebladh B, Lohila A, Lorite J, Loubet B, Lynn J, Macek M, Mackenzie R, Magliulo E, Maier R, Malfasi F, Malis F, Man M, Manca G, Manco A, Manise T, Manolaki P, Marciniak F, Matula R, Mazzolari AC, Medinets S, Medinets V, Meeussen C, Merinero S, Mesquita RDG, Meusburger K, Meysman FJR, Michaletz ST, Milbau A, Moiseev D, Moiseev P, Mondoni A, Monfries R, Montagnani L, [et al.]

Metrics

173 File views/ downloads

1 Record Views

See more details