Abstract
The study explores the attitudes of Indian shepherds in Karnataka toward wolves, focusing on the Gadag District near Kappatagudda Wildlife Sanctuary. Through 42 qualitative interviews, the study reveals a generational shift: older shepherds (over 30 years old) view wolves as sacred and beneficial, whereas younger shepherds perceive them as threats to their livelihoods. Despite significant livestock losses, tolerance persists, particularly among older shepherds, due to cultural beliefs and traditional practices. The findings emphasize the critical role of integrating traditional ecological knowledge with contemporary conservation approaches – such as strategic fencing, the use of livestock-guarding dogs, community-based management, awareness initiatives, improved compensation mechanisms, and the preservation of grazing lands – to facilitate sustainable coexistence between humans and wolves. The findings underscore the need for collaborative approaches that respect cultural values and address economic challenges, ensuring the sustainability of both pastoralism and wolf conservation in India.