Abstract
Background
Current prediction tools for breast cancer outcomes are not tailored to the older patient, in whom competing risk strongly influences treatment effects. We aimed to develop and validate a prediction tool for 5-year recurrence, overall mortality, and other-cause mortality for older patients (aged ≥65 years) with early invasive breast cancer and to estimate individualised expected benefits of adjuvant systemic treatment.
Methods
We selected surgically treated patients with early invasive breast cancer (stage I–III) aged 65 years or older from the population-based FOCUS cohort in the Netherlands. We developed prediction models for 5-year recurrence, overall mortality, and other-cause mortality using cause-specific Cox proportional hazard models. External validation was performed in a Dutch Cancer registry cohort. Performance was evaluated with discrimination accuracy and calibration plots.
Findings
We included 2744 female patients in the development cohort and 13631 female patients in the validation cohort. Median age was 74·8 years (range 65–98) in the development cohort and 76·0 years (70–101) in the validation cohort. 5-year follow-up was complete for more than 99% of all patients. We observed 343 and 1462 recurrences, and 831 and 3594 deaths, of which 586 and 2565 were without recurrence, in the development and validation cohort, respectively. The area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve at 5 years in the external dataset was 0·76 (95% CI 0·75–0·76) for overall mortality, 0·76 (0·76–0·77) for recurrence, and 0·75 (0·74–0·75) for other-cause mortality.
Interpretation
The PORTRET tool can accurately predict 5-year recurrence, overall mortality, and other-cause mortality in older patients with breast cancer. The tool can support shared decision making, especially since it provides individualised estimated benefits of adjuvant treatment.
Funding
Dutch Cancer Foundation and ZonMw.