Abstract
Manufacturing system digitalization has recently surged due to Industry 4.0 developments. The interaction between manufacturing and computer science disciplines has driven a new generation of cyber-physical production systems. Smart factories can collect and process a large amounts of data, this data needs to be used meaningfully to raise manufacturing efficiency and sustainability. We posit that in the future improvements can be achieved through biointelligent manufacturing systems. These systems combine technological innovations, digitization, and artificial intelligence with principles derived from nature and biotechnology. Biological transformations of manufacturing systems hold many future possibilities. We provide a general overview of manufacturing system biological transformation and propose key areas for practical application in organizations.