Best practices for measuring the performance and stability of indoor photovoltaic devices

A Chakraborty; G Lucarelli; V Singh; J Xu; Z Skafi; D Thakur; F Di Giacomo; G Shankar; E Calabrò; F De Rossi; O Almora; P Amiri; S Aramaki; D Bagnis; T Bannai; CJ Brabec; D Braga; G Burwell; F Brunetti; A Di Carlo; M Carnie; LA Castriotta; S Castro-Hermosa; Manuela Ciocca; Y Cui; J Dagar; B Damien; SV Dayneko; NY Doumon; V Turkovic; K Forberich; M Freitag; F Gao; G Grancini; Z Guo; B Hamadani; M Hayes; J Hou; RLZ Hoye; S Jouin; M Jošt; P Kärhä; M Kauer; T Kirchartz; G Koutsourakis; S Kuge; M Lira-Cantu; I Mathews; M Madsen; M Auf der Maur; T Miyasaka; D Müller; S Priya; EL Ratcliff; A Reale; MI Saidaminov; F Sauvage; S Soman; Z Tian; M Topič; A Cabas Vidani; P Vivo; K Wang; Y Wang; ZK Wang; K Wojciechowski; U Würfel; X Xu; M Yaşa; S Yerci; A Zampetti; K Zhao; TM Brown

doi:10.1038/s41560-026-02101-x

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Best practices for measuring the performance and stability of indoor photovoltaic devices

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Best practices for measuring the performance and stability of indoor photovoltaic devices

A Chakraborty, G Lucarelli, V Singh, J Xu, Z Skafi, D Thakur, F Di Giacomo, G Shankar, E Calabrò, F De Rossi, …

Nature Energy, pp.1-19

2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-026-02101-x

Handle:

https://hdl.handle.net/10863/53680

Abstract

Indoor photovoltaics harvests energy from light available inside homes and buildings for powering the Internet of Things, wireless sensors and consumer and medical electronics. A major challenge in this field is a lack of standardized testing conditions. Here a team from more than 60 research institutions and companies proposes best practices for evaluating indoor photovoltaic performance and establishing baseline stability tests. We base these recommendations on recent experimental data, published literature, practices used in academic and industrial settings, technical specifications from standards organizations, lighting databases and existing regulations. We outline procedures that begin with the recommendation of a single artificial light source, followed by guidance on setting up measurement systems and a step-by-step guide for conducting measurements and tests. These procedures are consolidated into three checklists. Our aim is to promote accurate measurement of laboratory and commercial solar cells and modules under indoor lighting, facilitating comparability across academia and industry worldwide.

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https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-026-02101-xView

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Title: Best practices for measuring the performance and stability of indoor photovoltaic devices
Creators: A Chakraborty - University of Rome Tor Vergata
G Lucarelli - University of Rome Tor Vergata
V Singh - University of Rome Tor Vergata
J Xu - University of Rome Tor Vergata
Z Skafi - University of Rome Tor Vergata
D Thakur - University of Rome Tor Vergata
F Di Giacomo - R2M Solution (Italy)
G Shankar - University of Rome Tor Vergata
E Calabrò - National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development
F De Rossi - University of Rome Tor Vergata
O Almora - Universitat Rovira i Virgili
P Amiri - University of Rome Tor Vergata
S Aramaki - Toin University of Yokohama
D Bagnis - Serviço Nacional de Aprendizagem Industrial
T Bannai - Panasonic (Japan)
CJ Brabec - Forschungszentrum Jülich
D Braga - Fluxim (Switzerland)
G Burwell - Swansea University
F Brunetti - University of Rome Tor Vergata
A Di Carlo - University of Rome Tor Vergata
M Carnie
LA Castriotta - University of Rome Tor Vergata
S Castro-Hermosa - Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar
Manuela Ciocca - Free University of Bozen-Bolzano
Y Cui - Chinese Academy of Sciences
J Dagar - Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie
B Damien - Institut des Arts de Diffusion
SV Dayneko - University of Victoria
NY Doumon - Pennsylvania State University
V Turkovic
K Forberich - Forschungszentrum Jülich
M Freitag - Newcastle University
F Gao - Linköping University
G Grancini - University of Pavia
Z Guo
B Hamadani - National Institute of Standards and Technology
M Hayes
J Hou - Chinese Academy of Sciences
RLZ Hoye
S Jouin - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
M Jošt - University of Ljubljana
P Kärhä - Aalto University
M Kauer
T Kirchartz - Forschungszentrum Jülich
G Koutsourakis - National Physical Laboratory
S Kuge - Panasonic (Japan)
M Lira-Cantu - Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia
I Mathews - Sensimetrics Corporation
M Madsen - University of Southern Denmark
M Auf der Maur
T Miyasaka - Toin University of Yokohama
D Müller - University of Freiburg
S Priya - University of Minnesota
EL Ratcliff - Georgia Institute of Technology
A Reale - University of Rome Tor Vergata
MI Saidaminov - University of Victoria
F Sauvage - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
S Soman - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology
Z Tian - Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia
M Topič - University of Ljubljana
A Cabas Vidani
P Vivo - Tampere University
K Wang - Zhejiang University
Y Wang - Changzhou University
ZK Wang - Soochow University
K Wojciechowski - Wrocław Technology Park
U Würfel - University of Freiburg
X Xu - University of Science and Technology of China
M Yaşa - Middle East Technical University
S Yerci - Middle East Technical University
A Zampetti
K Zhao - Ministry of Education
TM Brown - University of Rome Tor Vergata
Publication Details: Nature Energy, pp.1-19
ISSN: 2058-7546
EISSN: 2058-7546
Publisher: Nature Research
Number of pages: 19
Identifiers: (UNIBZ)99584071
991007398888201241
Web of Science ID: WOS:001851780600001
Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105047875652
Academic Unit: Faculty of Engineering
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article
Author Names String: Chakraborty A, Lucarelli G, Singh V, Xu J, Skafi Z, Thakur D, Di Giacomo F, Shankar G, Calabrò E, De Rossi F, Almora O, Amiri P, Aramaki S, Bagnis D, Bannai T, Brabec CJ, Braga D, Burwell G, Brunetti F, Di Carlo A, Carnie M, Castriotta LA, Castro-Hermosa S, Ciocca M, Cui Y, Dagar J, Damien B, Dayneko SV, Doumon NY, Turkovic V, Forberich K, Freitag M, Gao F, Grancini G, Guo Z, Hamadani B, Hayes M, Hou J, Hoye RLZ, Jouin S, Jošt M, Kärhä P, Kauer M, Kirchartz T, Koutsourakis G, Kuge S, Lira-Cantu M, Mathews I, Madsen M, Auf der Maur M, Miyasaka T, Müller D, Priya S, Ratcliff EL, Reale A, Saidaminov MI, Sauvage F, Soman S, Tian Z, Topič M, Cabas Vidani A, Vivo P, Wang K, Wang Y, Wang ZK, Wojciechowski K, Würfel U, Xu X, Yaşa M, Yerci S, Zampetti A, Zhao K, Brown TM

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