Abstract
Over the past decade, the significance of sustainable manufacturing has surged dramatically and become a well-known catchphrase. As environmental concerns intensify and resources become scarcer, manufacturing industries have recognized the need to adopt eco-friendly practices urgently. Sustainable manufacturing plays a crucial role in ensuring a harmonious coexistence between industry growth and environmental preservation. In this respect, sustainability assessment based on systems of systems perspective considering triple-bottom-line simultaneously is an essential strategy. Sustainable manufacturing will not be realized based on name alone or establishing rules. Instead of assessing a manufacturing system as “sustainable” or “unsustainable,” it should be decomposed systematically to find feasible alternative solutions to be more sustainable. Axiomatic Design (AD) theory offering a structured framework enables a systematic breakdown of complex systems into simpler modules while preserving their physical integration and functional independence. This paper presents a comprehensive decomposition of sustainability focusing on manufacturing systems. The European Sustainability Report Standard (ESRS) is considered a basis for knowing customers' needs and covering the mentioned sustainability metrics. The research results show how an AD-based decomposition can mitigate the complexity and overlaps between sustainability pillars. In addition, it helps manufacturing systems think of other alternatives to push the boundaries of sustainability