Abstract
Industry 4.0 (I4.0) emphasizes the use of advanced technologies, whilst Industry 5.0 (I5.0) incorporates next to sustainability and resilience a human-centered approach as key elements in industrial processes. Therefore, I5.0 is considered a strategy to expedite the dual transition of the industry, covering digital and green aspects with the aim of constructing a more sustainable and resilient society and economy. Small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs), which are crucial for the economies of many countries, have started adopting technology for intelligent and interconnected manufacturing systems. The implementation of digital technologies in businesses has had a profound impact on individuals' lifestyles and professional activities. The utilization of new technologies is leading to the emergence of various job modalities, skills, and requirements. In this vein, the aim of this study is to address two main questions: what human-centered challenges SMEs in the manufacturing industry encounter when moving towards I5.0, and what criteria must be fulfilled to embrace it. To accomplish this, a comprehensive literature review and two focus group workshops were conducted in Argentina. The main results indicated that benefits such as social responsibility, inclusion, equity, diversity and challenges as training, generational differences and resistance to change should be addressed in the future.