Abstract
Considering the whole life cycle is necessary to obtain sustainability of buildings. Within the life cycle, there are different phases, such as concept, design, construction, operational and recycling. Among these phases, the operational phase is the longest and most expensive one. Therefore a building cannot be sustainable if the operational phase is not sustainable and optimized. The operational phase can only be optimized if operation- oriented decisions are taken during the design and construction phase. In practice, decisions during the design and construction phase are taken without knowing the real consequences on the operational phase. Some of these decisions are wrong and make future building operation, such as operational Facility Management (FM), difficult or even impossible. These wrong decisions can be seen as design failures (e.g. not cleanable facades, long service provider routes, etc.), even if there are no errors in construction or design. Therefore many methodologies have been recently developed to create a FM - oriented design and construction.
This paper introduces these methodologies and discusses whether they are suitable to achieve design optimization and to reduce design failures in the operational phase.