Abstract
The growing demand for sustainable and high-performance lubricants has led to the
exploration of novel biolubricant formulations enhanced by nanoparticles. This study aims to
develop and evaluate a biolubricant formulation improved with SiO 2 nanoparticles to address
the limitations of conventional lubricants, such as inadequate stability and suboptimal
physicochemical properties. The problem of nanoparticle dispersion stability in both
conventional and bio-based lubricants is a significant challenge, as highlighted by previous
studies (Azman N. F. & Samion S., 2019; Gulzar M. et al., 2017; Sharif M. Z. et al., 2016).
To address this, an extensive analysis was conducted to optimize the stability and performance
of the nanobiolubricant formulation. The study focused on the evaluation of critical properties,
including density and viscosity, and employed techniques such as FTIR, UV-Vis
spectrophotometry, and sedimentation photography to assess the stability and uniformity of
the nanoparticle dispersions. The results demonstrate that the inclusion of SiO 2 nanoparticles
in the biolubricant formulation significantly enhances its physicochemical properties,
particularly in terms of stability and performance. The improved formulation exhibited
superior dispersion stability, reduced sedimentation, and maintained desirable viscosity and
density characteristics, which are essential for industrial applications. These findings suggest
that the optimized nanobiolubricant has the potential for significant industrial application,
particularly in internal combustion engines of heavy-duty machines, such as farm tractors and
gensets. The enhanced stability and performance of the biolubricant pave the way for more
efficient, durable, and environmentally friendly lubricating solutions compared to existing
options. Future work will focus on further refining the formulation and evaluating its long-
term effects in practical applications.