Abstract
The aim of this work is to provide a guide for the design of a photovoltaic plus battery energy storage system coupled with a heat pump for different locations and thus different climates in Europe. Through a multi-objective optimization approach applied to the six European geoclusters and applying different solution selection criteria, it was possible to obtain the optimal photovoltaic nominal power (kWp) normalized over the thermal consumption of a reference building and the optimal capacity of the battery per kWp of photovoltaic (kWh:kWp) installed. Due to the normalization process, results can be generalized and can be used for designing similar systems in all buildings around Europe. The results of this work must be intended as a support for designers for the early-design phase of such systems or as an initial guess for an iterative process in more advanced evaluations.