Abstract
A few years after the term Industry 4.0 was coined at Hannover Messe in 2013, the United Nations' 2030 Agenda and its 17 Sustainable Development Goals prompted a rethinking of the Industry 4.0 concept. That event triggered the Industry 5.0 concept, which no longer focuses on technology, but rather considers sustainability, resilience and the human factor. The objective of this study is to analyse the impact of new technologies on sustainability and the environment. To this aim two focus groups were held in Argentina, the first one in the city of Pilar, and the second one in the city of Buenos Aires, totalling 36 people from 24 different companies. This work focused on the second pillar of Industry 5.0, Sustainability. From this it follows that the main benefits of the use of new technologies in relation to sustainability are waste control and management, more efficient use of resources, cost saving and economic benefits from recycling, reusing and reducing. The main challenges are incorporation of new processes, initial costs and financing and return of investment. This new advancement in Industry 4.0, known as Industry 5.0, places humans at the centre, benefiting not only individuals but also enhancing the sustainability and resilience of companies in extreme situations.