Abstract
This presentation provides insights into how different transboundary governance mechanisms, developed in diverse contexts, can support the achievement of SDG 15's objectives and targets. Biodiversity challenges are not restricted to a geographical area, which is delineated by national borders, and country-based conservation efforts have proven insufficient. This contribution argues that the objective to stop biodiversity loss underscores the need for transboundary governance of biodiversity, which must involve a broad range of stakeholders. Effective protection requires not only safeguarding the areas themselves but also fostering cross-border collaboration and shared responsibility for better biodiversity conservation.
Based on the research work conducted under the project TRANSNATURE (Biodiversa+ call 2021-2022), transboundary cooperation for biodiversity conservation across Europe is discussed through three case studies: 1) the Julian Alps (Italy/Slovenia), 2) the Scheldt Estuary (the Netherlands/Belgium), 3) the border area from the Baltic to Barents Sea (Finland/Sweden/Norway), and 4) the ZASNET EGTC and Meseta Ibérica. To uncover the practical implementation of transboundary biodiversity governance, data was gathered through stakeholder interviews, focus groups, and document analysis.
The presentation focusses first on discussing the main challenges to transboundary biodiversity protection that have been identified. These include the information basis on which governance decisions can be made, the joint interpretation of data, the mandate that is given to the governance body, and the consideration of local interests. It also highlights elements that were identified as important to achieve effective transboundary cooperation, such as effective participation and legal alignment.
The presentation concludes by outlining key lessons learned, which could be applicable to other cross-border ecosystems. These findings can serve as a practical resource, or "toolbox," to identify transboundary governance approaches that best align with local unique needs and circumstances. With these examples, it will illustrate how transboundary biodiversity protection can contribute to the achievement of SDG 15.