Abstract
The Maloti-Drakensberg (MD) is a transboundary mountain range which provides ecosystem services relating to water, rangeland and biodiversity to communities in Lesotho and South Africa. The mountain headwaters are under pressure from anthropogenic activities which negatively impacts ES provision thus threatening food and water security and economic stability. Protected areas seek to conserve water resources, biodiversity and endemism, but competing land uses between varied stakeholders often result in conflict.