Abstract
This chapter explains that regional development action and policy is built on deeply rooted notions of rural and mountain regions as dependent, less competitive and “marginal” places in comparison to urban areas. The analysis evidences long-term narratives that deepen path dependencies and hinder coping with place-specific challenges. To halt the persistent “downward spiral” of these regions, reform of existing policy frameworks seems too short-sighted. Indeed, this chapter agrees with the numerous experts and practitioners who argue that substantial changes in the narratives underlying spatial adjustments policies and action are necessary. Ongoing global and regional trends require to shed light on the specificity of social-ecological systems of rural and mountain areas and stimulate actors at all levels to revise their views on rural and mountain areas and enhance confidence to shape their place-sensitive opportunities.