Abstract
The extension of mountain ranges across national borders requires transboundary cooperation to effectively protect the environment and to strengthen sustainable development of mountain regions. Despite various efforts in promoting research and collaboration initiatives across borders and disciplines, only two international treaties have been established to date—the Alpine Convention and Carpathian Convention. Although these conventions were already successful in raising awareness and initiating transboundary cooperation projects, mostly by researchers and NGOs, the involvement of politics and policymaking remains at a marginal level. This requires more efforts to improve cross-sectoral integration, public participation, and cooperation among stakeholders. Nevertheless, other mountain regions can learn from the implementation process of these two conventions, taking them as a model for environmental governance in dynamic mountainscapes.