Abstract
This chapter examines the case of the ex-Ilva steel plant in Taranto from the perspective of environmental racism. It analyses: 1) why, as reported in the UN Report of January 2022, we can identify a sacrifice zone in Taranto; 2) what environmental inequalities exist in the territory; 3) which social categories are most affected in terms of health. In light of this analysis, this contribution finally clarifies the conceptual difference between environmental racism and environmental justice and suggests the use of the second term to frame this case study more correctly.