Abstract
This chapter focuses on the multilingual communication and knowledge management strategies of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) located in a historically bilingual region. It illustrates the results of a qualitative and quantitative study that observes how the language competences of the population and the bilingual environment affect the strategies adopted by SMEs for their internal knowledge management and external communication. Furthermore, the study assesses whether the SMEs fully exploit the potential competitive advantage of mastering two or more languages in the era of globalised markets. The results allow proposing a set of practical strategies requiring limited financial investments that can be implemented by SMEs in bilingual areas to address current challenges. Many of the strategies presented may also be transferred to companies in monolingual regions.