Abstract
Today there is widespread awareness that the continuous growth of modern societies is driving our planet to collapse. Humans are consuming as if the Earth could have unlimited resources. Since the 1970s, we have set in motion a mechanism by which every year, we consume much more than the Planet can regenerate: the overshoot day, that is the day when we run out of the available resources, always comes earlier. In 2050, continuing like this, it is expected that we will be able to consume the equivalent of the resources of three planets Earth (UN, n.d.). The situation is even more difficult if we think that we have not yet developed efficient reuse and recycling systems. The current economic model is still mostly linear, following a simple pattern: production -> consumption -> disposal. The idea of managing materials cyclically to increase production efficiency has been known since the early stages of industrialization (Simeone at al., 2019; Fuad-Luke, 2004). More recently, various schools of thought have sought solutions for more efficient management of resources, from cradleto- cradle design (Braungart & McDonough, 2002), up to biomimicry (Benyus, 2002), which can now be found in the Circular Economy as a holistic framework of good practices. According to Ellen MacArthur Foundation (2012), more recent theories such as performance economy, cradle to cradle, biomimicry and blue economy have contributed to refine further and develop the concept of CE.