Abstract
Depending on the training objectives, various altitude training concepts can be applied. To optimise endurance performance at altitude, a traditional altitude training camp (“live high—train high”) over 1–2 weeks appears suitable, although training can also be conducted at low altitude (“live high—train low”). For improving endurance performance at sea level, “live high—train low” altitude training may offer advantages for endurance athletes compared to a training camp at low altitude, although the scientific literature on this is inconsistent. For sports with an intermittent exercise profile, sprint interval training in hypoxia represents an interesting approach, but further scientific investigation is required.