Abstract
An essential prerequisite for XAI to interact with the user and coconstruct understanding is the adaptation to individual users. Two forms of adapta-tion are considered:(1) Cognitive adaptation involves scaffolding and monitoring as key processes of mutual support between explainer and explainee. These processes are particularly well established in tutoring research. This chapter elaborates on scaffolding, monitoring, and the resulting cognitive adaptation through illustrative examples.(2) Interactive adaptation focuses on the behaviors of both explainer and explainee. Specific strategies for their mutual support and joint co-construction of explanations are introduced. This includes content adaptations as well as explanatory strategies adapted by the explainer for successful scaffolding. For this to succeed, the substantive contributions of the explainee should be considered in particular. Examples of implementations of these forms of personalization already exist in XAI and are presented here as forms of operationalization. While early approaches tended to consider user characteristics statically, more recent systems show initial capabilities for dynamically adaptive explanation generation.